Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, but science has given us powerful tools to fight back. One of the most promising advancements in cancer prevention is genetic testing—a simple yet highly effective way to assess your risk and make informed health decisions.
We spoke with Rebecca Cupp, a Board-Certified Genetic Counselor with Wellstar Health System, to break down what genetic testing is, how it works, and why it could be a game-changer
for your health.
What Is Genetic Testing?
Genetic testing analyzes your DNA to identify inherited mutations that may increase your risk of certain diseases, including cancer. While we often associate genetics with conditions present at birth, some genetic markers don’t show their impact until adulthood.
Genetic testing falls into two main categories:
1. Newborn Screening:
Every newborn in Georgia undergoes a routine genetic test to screen for metabolic conditions, blood disorders like sickle cell disease, and neurological conditions.
2. Adult-OnsetGeneticTesting:
Some genetic mutations linked to cancer remain hidden until later in life. Unlike newborn screening, this type of testing isn’t automatic—you usually need a referral based on personal or family cancer history.
Understanding Hereditary Cancer
Most cancers are not inherited, but about 5-10% have a genetic link. Here’s a breakdown of hereditary cancer likelihood by type:
- Lung Cancer: Rarely genetic.
- Ovarian Cancer: Roughly 25% have a genetic connection.
- Breast Cancer: 10-15% of cases involve inherited mutations.
- Prostate Cancer: Around 5% are hereditary.
How Genetic Testing Shapes Treatment and Prevention
Genetic testing doesn’t just provide insight—it can directly impact your medical care. If you test positive for a cancer-related mutation, your doctor may recommend:
Personalized Treatment
Certain genetic mutations respond better to targeted therapies like immunotherapy or PARP inhibitors.
Customized Screening Plans
For example, individuals with BRCA gene mutations may begin breast cancer screening mammograms at age 30 instead of the standard 40 . Individuals with MLH1 mutations may begin colonoscopies at age 30.
The Genetic Testing Process: Simple and Informative
Genetic testing is easier than you think. A blood, saliva, or cheek swab sample can detect cancer-related mutations.
Genetic Testing and Cancer Risk: Who Should Consider It?
If you have a strong family history of cancer, genetic testing can help assess your personal risk. There isn’t a universal test—some individuals qualify for comprehensive screening, such as a 70-gene panel that looks for multiple cancer-related mutations.
The Family Connection: Why Your Results Matter to Loved Ones
Since genetic traits are inherited, a positive result means close relatives—such as parents, siblings, and children—have up to a 50% chance of carrying the same mutation. Genetic counseling can help families navigate testing options and preventative measures together.
Genetic Testing Beyond Cancer: A Broader Health Perspective
Genetic testing doesn’t stop at cancer—it also plays a crucial role in detecting inherited heart conditions and other diseases. For instance, in heart failure clinics, testing can identify genetic markers for heart muscle disorders and electrical abnormalities, helping doctors take early action to protect your health.
Taking Charge of Your Health
Rebecca Cupp knows firsthand how empowering knowledge can be. “I started out in a research lab but missed interacting with people.
Genetic counseling allows me to combine my love for science with my passion for helping others.” Her advice?
“Know your risk. Knowledge is power.”
If cancer runs in your family, genetic testing could provide critical insights into your health and help you take proactive steps toward prevention.
Rebecca Cupp, MS, CGC
Licensed, Certified Genetic Counselor
Wellstar Center for Genetics
